Child Labor was a Ghastly Result of the Industrial Revolution

EVOLUTION OF CHILD LABOR Child labor has come to be regarded as a ghastly by-product of the industrial revolution. The cruelty described in much of the historical literature has made the employment of children the industrial revolution’s most despised feature. Poverty is the root cause of child labor. Parents send their children for work to earn money for household survival. The entire family is working to run their lives. This popular argument makes banning child labor lose much of its force. The market has been treating child labor as a cheaply available human resource that can be exploited to extract unskilled labor at almost no cost. Many organizations replace their adult labor force with child labor to reduce costs. This has led to†¦show more content†¦Few non-governmental agencies state that the count is close to 6 crore (60 million) including the rural agricultural workers; others claim that the number could be 100 million, if one were to define all children out of school as child lab orers. The report from International Labor Organization estimates that 218 million children ages 5-17 are engaged in child labor the world over. In India, an estimated 14% of children between the ages of 5-14 are engaged in child labor activities, including carpet production. It has been projected that it would cost $760 billion over a 20-year period to end child labor. This estimated benefit in terms of good education, health and basic facilities is about 6 times that — over $4 trillion in economies where child laborers are found. Some children are forced to work up to 18 hours a day, often never leaving the confines of the factory or loom shed. Child trafficking has increased in many parts of India where girls are initially recruited to work in carpet factories or handicrafts etc but are then trafficked into the sex industry over the border in India. The recent report of International Confederation of Free Trade Unions shows that as many as 60 million children working i n India are in agricultural, industrial and commercial sectors. An insight can be drawn from the report that Indias booming economy is taking advantageShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Family Life and Women2656 Words   |  11 PagesThe Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Family Life and Women World Civilization II Edmund Burke once said, Make revolution a parent of settlement, and not a nursery of future revolutions. This comical yet straightforward quote can be related to a time in history called the Industrial Revolution. Throughout history there has been a political, economical, social and cultural revolution. These revolutions has had complex and long lasting impacts on people’s lives, one revolution that hasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmade for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialistRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesexpress written permission of PerfectBoundâ„ ¢. PerfectBound â„ ¢ and the PerfectBoundâ„ ¢ logo are trademarks of HarperCollins Publishers. Adobe Acrobat E-Book Reader edition v 1. October 2001 ISBN 0-06-018987-8 The original hardcover edition of this book was published in 1991 by HarperBusiness, a division of HarperCollins Publishers. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Marie Contents PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PART I Discovering the Chasm INTRODUCTION If Bill Gates

Essay On Working In The Workplace - 1385 Words

The case I am going to use was at the beginning of my working career. I had just started a new job at a wine bar, let’s call it Italiano’s. At this wine bar I was given the job of busser and bar back, about as low as you could get at the restaurant besides dishwasher. When I started this job I was a senior high school, which compared to my co-workers, was very young. Most of my co-workers were in their late twenties and thirties. Due to this age gap, I felt very immature and underpowered in the workplace. I felt like I had to follow everybody’s command because it was my first job and felt like I needed to be the perfect worker. There are two issues in this case that put pressure on me to act unethically or not speak up. First, at the†¦show more content†¦It got so bad that one employee had to be fired because they physically harmed another employee by shaking them with anger when they messed up. Due to the lack of supervision, many employees would take advantage of smoke breaks. Throughout the night employees would leave from time to time to go take smoke breaks. This is fine and common in the service industry as a way to relieve the stress of working on your feet for many hours of the day. Some employees would take 20-30 minute smoke breaks, which is way longer than any break should take. This affected me and the other servers that did not smoke because we had to make up for their missed work on top of the work we already had to do ourselves. The laziness and lack of care for the work they are doing led to a toxic work environment for everyone as well. When confronting one of the individuals, they told me to just pick up smoking so that I could also take long breaks throughout the night. That would temporarily fix my problem of unequal work but would not fix the restaurants problem of idle employees. These two issues put pressure on me to either join them by participating in the drinking and smoking or keep quiet by not telling my boss and let the toxicity continue. Analysis: To make a decision on how to proceed I need to make a pros and cons list of speaking up to my boss and a pros and cons list for staying quiet. The pros ofShow MoreRelatedThe Workplace of the Nineteen and Twentieth Century Were Drastically Different1508 Words   |  6 PagesThe workplace of the 19th and 20th century were drastically different. The goal of automation was replaced to achieve greater communication and cooperation (MacKenzie 1985). Today, the workplace is still changing. In this essay, I argue that the workplace has been affected by recent technological trends and these changes have made working conditions precarious and labour markets unstable. As the workplace of every industry is different and due to the limitations posed in this essay, I limit theRead MorePhilips Improvement to Job Analysis and Design1531 Words   |  6 Pagesand organizational performances. This essay is based on Philips’ changes in its workplace design in a factory. In the past, the factor ’s old operation line had generated poor employee and organizational performance such as low morale of employees, high rate of turnover, and poor quality control. While redesign its operation line, Philips has gained a high productive workforce, such as building self-management teams, enriching employee’s spirit life. This essay is based on Philips’ successful experienceRead MoreThe Scientific Management And The Bureaucracy Theory Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesfor modern organization and managers. There is no specific research area under the essay, as there has no enough information from one region to support the arguments listed in the report. In particular, it focuses on the effect of four principles of Taylor’s theory to modern companies. How bureaucracy and post-bureaucracy theory work in contemporary companies has been included as well. Another content of the essay is the weakness of two theories applying to today’s organization. A research aim toRead MoreWorking Men And Women For Countless Years Have Struggled1280 Words   |  6 PagesWorking men and women for countless years have struggled to find the balance between succeeding in their careers versus being an influential role in their children’s life. Differing careers have enabled various levels of success in being able to reach the epitome of parenthood and career ambitions. Anne-Marie Slaughter, author of â€Å"Why Women Still Can’t Have It All†, and Richard Dorment, author of â€Å"Why Men Still Can’t Have It All†, attempt to depict how working parents make sacrifices that ultimatelyRead MoreEmployee Relations And The Workplace956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction ‘Employee relations’ is a term used to refer to a study of the rules, regulation, and agreements used to manage workers either as a collective group or as individuals (Leat, 2008, p. 3; Waiganjo Nge the, 2012). Conflict at the workplace is the inevitable issues that stem from interaction between employees and employers. On the other hand, a strike is an industrial action and a collective way in which employees voice their dispute once negotiations do not bear fruits. According toRead MoreThe And Human Relations Approach1110 Words   |  5 Pages This focus on efficiency and output led to Taylor developing the principles of SM (UK Essays, 2013). These principles drove the marked improvement in productivity that lead to what we know as the Industrial Revolution. A key assumption that SM Taylor made was that workers are only concerned about financial reward. This view probably doesn’t have a leg to stand on in today’s society, but at the time, working condi tions weren’t as generous as today’s, and the level of wealth was much lower thanRead MoreWomen Inequality in the workplace1189 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION This essay serves to look into the issue of women inequality in the workplace. This essay will explain the reason behind women equality in society and some of the disadvantages that women face in the workplace. Also, you will learn about the term â€Å"gender gap† which refers to the distribution of wages between men and women. It shows the difference in the pay between both genders in many career fields. Jobs and roles that women balance on a day to day basis soRead MoreAnalysis Of The New York Times By Ellen Ullman Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"How to be a ‘Woman Programmer,’† first published in The New York Times, Ellen Ullman argues that there is great prejudice against women in the workplace. Specifically, Ullman thinks that such prejudice exists in the deeper parts of the more technical fields such as computer programming. While encouraging women to avoid confronting men who show their prejudice against them, Ullman nevertheless points out the idea that women should stick to their passion for their work. For Ullman, it is the nextRead MoreOrganizational Success Is Increasingly Becoming Dependent On An Organization1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe adoption of diversity management programs has been growing steadily due to the rate at which diversity is becoming prevalent and essential in the workplace (Simmons and Rowland, 2011). This essay critically e valuates and discusses organizational approaches to managing equality and diversity. 1.1 Purpose of essay The overall aim of this essay is to critically evaluate organizational approaches to managing equality and diversity. Snape and Redman (2001) stated that even among top and globalRead MoreOrganizational Misbehaviour Is Important For Modern Day Managers1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to establish why the concept of organisational misbehaviour is important for modern-day managers, which is seen through two main themes of sexual harassment and whistle blowing. In this essay it will firstly define what organisational misbehaviour. Secondly is an analysis of sexual harassment and how it is part of organisation misbehaviour and following this is the second of the two themes that of whistleblowing and following this is why the concept of OMB important for

Identity Theft Through Social Media Essay Example For Students

Identity Theft Through Social Media Essay Identity Theft Through Social Media Identity thieves are now making their way through social media sites, targeting more innocent people than ever . There are four major way s peoples identity s are at risk with the use of social media , these risks include general information ,facial recognition ,status updates ,and internet invitations ,these are the major way s identity theft is made possible through social media. The first way identity thieves are stealing others identities through social media, is simply by looking at a person s general information . General information on social media sites are things such as a person s name, phone number, any schools that they have attended and email addresses . Due to low privacy settings just about anyone can access this information and use it to their advantage. Within each social media site there is a search bar ,search bars allow for people to look up a name of any person who owns a social media account .Thieves can use the search bar to look up any random name such as Jane Doe . By searching this name hundreds of profiles can pop up with pictures allowing for anyone to click on .Once clicked on thieves can view jane does profile (depending on the high or low privacy setting) ,thieves can now view general information take note and go on with what knowledge they have just obtained to stealing a person s identity .According to the Better Business bureau about 30% of Facebook users did not have their profiles set to private ,compared to the 14% of people who did not know their Facebook privacy settings at all. With this statistic the 14-30 % of people just on Facebook are now at risk of identity theft merely from privacy settings ,protecting information . .a social networking site. This page will ask you to re-enter your password. These criminals will get you to this page from a link in an email or private message or public post with a link to a fraudulent site. If you are already logged into a networking site and then asked to log in again, be aware that it is a red flag and it is probably a scam designed to make you divulge a lot of personal information to someone with bad intentions. This is perfect example of someone with bad intentions ( identity thieves) inviting you to a page through internet invites, attempting to have people generate information . Although social media is a great way to be social and connect with people , people should be aware of the people they are connecting and sharing information with ,because its never truly known who is on the other side of the screen and their intentions .

What Can Be Done to Reduce Traffic Congestion an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

What Can Be Done to Reduce Traffic Congestion in Austin, Texas Factors Creating Traffic Congestion Austin city is not an exception from the common problem which many other big towns are succumbing into. Numerous cities and big towns have for several decades been in struggle to rescue their dwells from the rampant traffic congestion problem. While our focus in Austin in Texas, several factors have been identified as the major cause of this unceasing city problem. One of the major contributing factors is the presence of too many personal cars in the as compared to public cars for passenger users. Secondly, there few constructed road in which are not quantitatively inadequate and qualitatively void of international standards to hold the capacity of vehicles flying in the town. The poor road infrastructure and planning has been a major source of congestion. This has consequently resulted into perpetual road works and repairs. In addition, there are too others road users who share the same road with the car vehicle users. Other factors that have been of key concern are the accidents wh ich often occur along the roads. The experiences unbelievable number of accidents perhaps dues to careless driving arising from selfish and uneducated drivers. The city has a higher density of population. hence, there is sophistication of the town housing and road planning. Apart from the above factors, pedestrians also have been a challenge to the initiation of traffic jam and congestions. Some pedestrians so often misbehave and cause the vehicles to move in low speeds. Low speeds have also been caused by numerous obstructions of police road blocks and investigation centers. (Dunn, 1991) Need essay sample on "What Can Be Done to Reduce Traffic Congestion in Austin, Texas" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Frequently Tell Us: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my friends Specialists recommend: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place! 1000-Word-Essay Writing Grab My Essay Review Reason for the Failure of the Current Solutions The current solution put in place are: Widening of the old roads (Martin, 1992) Shortcoming The widening of the roads process is failing because the contractors of the roads are taking too long than the agreed period. During the construction of the new roads, the constructing vehicles are using the same vehicles which are being used by the other passenger vehicles. (Foster, 1981) Introduction of toll roads on the high density roads The failures for is due to the fact since it many people using such road are merchandise and financially stable, pay the toll ahs not been a problem to them so long as he is going to pass such cost to the consumers product for compensation Increasing the number of traffic police officers Traffic police control has failed because of the lack of direct correlation of the main problem cause i.e. higher number of vehicle. Qualities for the New Solutions The new solutions will need to have speedy construction rules to avoid the contractors prolong distraction of vehicles on transit and to increase road space within the shortest time possible. (Papageorgiou, 1991) Recommendation In order to solve the above problem, I highly propose that the city should have to introduce additional lanes to the highways that should work hand in hand with the provision of high occupancy vehicle lanes. This will acts as an incentive for many vehicle owners to have a car pool that reduces the congestion on roads. This will ensure there will be no more traffic congestion as motor vehicles will move faster in and out of the city. For this case, I would recommend the Road and Transport ministry to work hand in hand with the traffic department so that they can know which road require additional lane to ease congestion. (Weckesser, 1976) Reference: Dunn, W. (1991): Freeway Operations Projects North American. Washington Fuhs, C. (1990): A Planning, Design and Operation: New York, New York. Poole, J. (1991): Introducing congestion pricing on a new toll road: San Diego. Weckesser, P. (1976): Efficient Use of a Busy Roadway Papageorgiou, M. (1991): Concise encyclopedia of traffic and transportation systems: Oxford, Pergamon Press. Martin, W. (1992): The Automobile, the Built Environment, and Daily Urban Life: University of Michigan Press. Foster M. (1981): From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation: Temple University Press.

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Scarlet Ibis Essays

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Scarlet Ibis Essays The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Scarlet Ibis Paper The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Scarlet Ibis Paper Even the slightest difference in one’s mental state can lead to the ultimate demisedeath. Throughout literature many characters experience mental disturbance. These conflicts lead to personal issues, which unfortunately leads to the character’s death, mentally or physically. These end results can be expressed in the short stories concerning the characters Walter Mitty and Doodle, both start to realize in their own ways how big the world is and what else there is to be explored. Both experience hardships, and death eventually claims one as its next victim.Walter Mitty from â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter† Mitty and Doodle from â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† display two completely different archetypes; Walter Mitty exhibits the archetype of an outcast while Doodle displays the characteristics of an innocent scapegoat. However, they both share mental handicaps which causes mental anguish, and having family members that inhibit their dreams. Walter Mitty expresses the archetypal trait of an outcast him himselfnot expressing his true feelings. He has left a deep pit of misery and shame. If someone were to give Walter a free ticket to explore the world realistically as he does in his dreams he just might deny that ticket. Walter does not try to change his life; he seems to of rather just give up and do what he has always done, go along with the flow, do for others and not himself.As Walter Mitty picks Mrs. Mitty up from the salon she starts to taunt him about the â€Å"overshoes† and doggie biscuits; Walter says â€Å"I was thinking, does it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking† (Thurber 2). As Doodle having archetypal characteristics of an innocent scapegoat, he lies upon that line of being a pure child. In the story â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† Doodles life was taken in the midst of a storm instead ofhis brothers. Having such a tragic accident occur on his brothers watch made Doodles troublesom e brother feel sorrow for all the hatr

The Legend of St. Patrick, the Patron Saint of Ireland

The Legend of St. Patrick, the Patron Saint of Ireland Patricks father, Calpornius, held both civic and clerical offices when Patrick was born to him in the late fourth century (c. A.D. 390). Although the family lived in the village of Bannavem Taberniaei, in Roman Britain, Patrick would one day become the most successful Christian missionary in Ireland, its patron saint, and the subject of legends. The Story of St. Patrick Patricks first encounter with the land to which he would devote his life was an unpleasant one. He was kidnapped at age 16, sent to Ireland (around County Mayo), and sold into slavery. While Patrick worked there as a shepherd, he developed a deep faith in God. One night, during his sleep, he was sent a vision of how to escape. So much he tells us in his autobiographical Confession. Unlike the work of the same name by the theologian, Augustine, Patricks Confession​ is short, with few statements of religious doctrine. In it, Patrick describes his British youth and his conversion, for although he was born to Christian parents, he did not consider himself Christian before his captivity. Another purpose of the document was to defend himself to the very church that had sent him to Ireland to convert his former captors. Years before Patrick wrote his Confession,​ he wrote an angry Letter to Coroticus, the British King of Alcluid (later called Strathclyde), in which he condemns him and his soldiers as compatriots of the demons because they had captured and slaughtered many of the Irish people Bishop Patrick had just baptized. Those they didnt kill would be sold to heathen Picts and Scots. Although personal, emotional, religious, and biographical, these two pieces and Gildas Bandonicus Concerning the Ruin of Britain (De Excidio Britanniae) provide the main historical sources for fifth-century Britain. Upon Patricks escape from his approximately six years of slavery, he went back to Britain, and then to Gaul where he studied under St. Germain, bishop of Auxerre, for 12 years before returning again to Britain. There he felt a calling to return as a missionary to Ireland. He stayed in Ireland for another 30 years, converting, baptizing, and setting up monasteries. Various legends have grown up concerning St. Patrick, the most popular of the Irish saints. St. Patrick was not well-educated, a fact he attributes to early captivity. Due to this, it was with some reluctance that he was sent as a missionary to Ireland, and only after the first missionary, Palladius, had died. Perhaps its because of his informal schooling in the meadows with his sheep that he came up with the clever analogy between the three leaves of the shamrock and the Holy Trinity. At any rate, this lesson is one explanation for why St. Patrick is associated with a shamrock. St. Patrick is also credited with driving the snakes out of Ireland. There were probably no snakes in Ireland for him to drive out, and it is very likely that the story was meant to be symbolic. Since he converted the heathen, the snakes are thought to stand for the pagan beliefs or evil. Where he was buried is a mystery. Among other places, a chapel to St. Patrick at Glastonbury claims he was interred there. A shrine in County Down, Ireland, claims to possess a jawbone of the saint which is requested for childbirth, epileptic fits, and to avert the evil eye. While we dont know exactly when he was born or died, this Roman British saint is honored by the Irish, especially in the United States, on March 17 with parades, green beer, cabbage, corned beef, and general revelry. While there is a parade in Dublin as the culmination of a week of festivities, Irish celebrations on St. Patricks Day itself are predominantly religious. Sources Sub-Roman Britain: An IntroductionGildas: from Concerning the Ruin of Britain (De Excidio Britanniae)From Medieval Sourcebook, chapters 23-26 of Gildas work on the fall of Britain.Ecole Glossary entry on Gildas the Wise

Contemporary Application of Economic Theory (proposal) Research Paper

Contemporary Application of Economic Theory (proposal) - Research Paper Example This research shall seek to scrutinize the validity of the model and assess how the model has succeeded over the years in fetching the economic environment of England with reliable economic predictions, based on which economic policy analysis of England can be attributed to. The literature review and theoretical framework of this research work shall be built purposely around the research questions. To this effect, there shall be three major themes which will be looked at. These themes have briefly been discussed below: The ‘suite of statistical forecasting models’ used by the Bank of England was born out of behavioural game theory. Behavioural game theory has been lowered by economists to mean the empirical determination of â€Å"how individuals make choices under conditions of uncertainty and strategic interaction† (Gintis, 2005). It is based on clues of how people make choices under uncertainty and strategic interaction that the Bank comes out with its forecasts of inflation and output growth as inputs into the forecasting process (Kapetanios G, Labhard V and Price S, 2007). Major components of the model include simple linear autoregressive (AR) models, information from existing history, univariate non-linear models, more information from extra variables, Linear vector-autoregressions (VARs), and use of Bayesian techniques. The major and most outstanding impact of the model on economic policy making in England’s economy is that the model has succeeded in coming out with reliable forecast for decision making on inflation and other macroeconomic variables. This is not without the challenge of dealing with the unconditional mean but as noted by Stock and Watson (2007), â€Å"the well-documented move towards macroeconomic stability, sometimes referred to as the ‘Great Stability’, has made forecasting more easy in the sense that macroeconomic variables stray less far from the unconditional mean† (Kapetanios G, Labhard V and Price S, 2007, p.

The Psychological Correction of Error in Second Language Classroom Essay

The Psychological Correction of Error in Second Language Classroom - Essay Example Allowing errors to remain uncorrected is usually understood as being disregarded by the teacher, which hence results in some form of discouragement on the student’s part. Nevertheless, another negative possibility of allowing incorrect ideas or terms remain uncorrected appears to be that â€Å"the detective language might serve as an input model and be acquired by other students in the class† since the other students suppose the spoken idea or term was right. Furthermore, advocates of the auto-input theory state that if a student speaks flawed expression which is allowed to stay uncorrected, simultaneously this utterance functions as another input to the student who committed a mistake. The difficulty which is discerned primarily by educators is â€Å"that some learners may even modify their existing correct hypotheses to include incorrect forms, in order to conform with their classmates’ uncorrected output†. It is important to mention that each of the ide ntified risks of ignoring or allowing students’ errors to remain uncorrected can also be viewed as aspects that support correction. Until the 1960’s theories of language learning were profoundly shaped by behaviouristic perspectives. During this period second-language acquisition (SLA) research had not attracted significant attention. Errors and routines were major issues of this perspective of language learning. Behaviouristic perspectives gave the explanation of the reason L2 students commit mistakes. Behaviourists view errors as objectionable.

Curleys Wife Character - of Men and Mice Essay Example for Free

Curleys Wife Character of Men and Mice Essay Of Men and Mice is not kind in its portrayal of women. In fact, women are treated with contempt throughout the course of the book. Steinbeck generally depicts women as troublemakers who bring ruin to men and drive them mad. Curley’s wife, who walks the ranch as a temptress seems to be a prime example of the destructive tendency. Despite the author’s rendering, Curley’s wife emerges as a relatively complex and interesting character. Although her purpose is rather simple in the book’s opening pages, she is the â€Å"tramp†, â€Å"tart† and â€Å"bitch† that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity. The social setting of the novel is also important, as it could later explain characters attitudes towards other people. It is set in the U.S. in the 1930s; this is the time of the Great Depression. This was a result of the First World War. It affected the rich and poor alike, factory workers and farmers, bankers and stockbrokers. In short, it affected everyone; no one was left untouched. But of all the people hurt, farmers were the worst off. Curley’s wife is first introduced in person to us in a symbolic way; this is shown when George is talking to Lennie about the dream and when Curley’s wife first meets both men. â€Å"Both men glanced up, for a rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off.† The symbolic meaning of the word sunshine is hope, freedom, happiness and dreams. This foreshadows that she may cause trouble or come in the way and could ruin it all for Lennie and George. She is also described as a â€Å"girl†, which tells us that she is very playful, childish and vulnerable. Her appearance later in the novel becomes more complex. But even before this we are forewarned about her, Candy tells George and Lennie about her, making her out at the wrong type to begin with, â€Å"Married to weeks and got the eye? Maybe that is why Curley’s pants is full of ants,† giving us the impression she was a person not to socialis e with. Also tells us that the men on the ranch know that Curley knows that is wife looks at the rest of them, hoping for one of them to try and get close to her, so he can then create a situation for a fight. As Candy relaxes he also goes on to get them to have the same opinion as him about her by saying, ‘well, you look her over, mister. You see if she ain’t a tart†, and the reply from George, ‘Purty?’ making sure that we see her as ‘jail bait†. Then when we first get to see her she is dressed as if she is going out to a party, and Steinbeck also enforces the concept that she is trouble and a tart, by describing her appearance, â€Å"she had full rouged lips†, â€Å"red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers†, using the colour red as a foreshadow that she is dangerous. This is the first time also that we see that she is attractive and that she knows it, also that she wants the men to look at her, â€Å"she put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward†, forcing the men to look at her curves. This first sign of nativity shows that she doesn’t understand her affect on men, showing her age as a teenager and her understanding of her sexual attractiveness. We also get an insight to her life with her husband and why she is always coming around the rest of the men. When Candy tells George and Lennie about Curley having his glove full of â€Å"Vaseline† and that he was keeping â€Å"that hand soft for his wife†, tells us that she was also being beaten up, and that nobody could see the bruises because Curley had softened his hand, or he hit her in places where we couldn’t see the bruises. This is the first time we see her as a victim needing help. We also see that see can be cruel, and willing to misuse power. When she confronts Lennie, Candy, and Crooks in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind of shameless dissatisfaction with her life. Her vulnerability at this moment and later when she admits to Lennie her dream of becoming a movie star makes her utterly human and much more interesting than the stereotypical vixen in fancy clothes. She seeks out even greater weakness in others, preying upon Lennie’s mental handicap â€Å"they left all the weak ones here†, Candy’s debilitating age, â€Å"tell an’ be damned. Nobody’d would listen to you, and you know it† and the colour of Crook’s skin â€Å"you know what I can do to you if you open your trap?† in order to steel herself against harm. Dreams are a major reoccurring theme, when Lennie tells Curley’s wife of his and George’s dream she just says â€Å"baloney†, but she has a dream of her own and she proceeds to talk Lennie about it. She has dreamt of being a movie star, which nearly came true when she encountered an actor. ‘He says I could go with that show†, but like most young girl s was forbade from her mother, ‘my ol’ lady wouldn’ let me†. So having her dream pulled out from underneath her she rebelled, and married Curley. However she always wanted to achieve something of herself and loved attention. â€Å"Curley’s wife lay with a half-covering of yellow hay. And the meanness and the planning and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young. Now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly. The curls, tiny little sausages, were spread on the hay behind her head, and her lips were parted†, this is the first time we are shown her true self – she was a young, innocent, lonely young girl. When you take away all the walls she had erected you come back to a young girl wanting to be loved, who saw Lennie as a way out from Curley’s abusive relationship. As Lennie could hurt Curley, but not realising the danger she was ultimately putting herself into. So in conclusion Curley’s wife is the most depressed and lonely characters in the novel. She has no friends, no future, no respect; she doesn’t even deserve a name. All she wants is someone to talk to but in her mind the only way she can do this is by flaunting herself to the men to get noticed. This leads her to be perceived as a â€Å"tart† by the men. She represents absolute loneliness and desperation to achieve something better in life. Even though she is very lonely, she comes across as a very beautiful woman. She flaunts herself by dressing and acting in a â€Å"tart† like manner, but really she is just making use of her body to gain the attention of the workers to soothe her. If anyone would give her a break, treat her like a person, she would idolise them. Her craving for contact is immense but she, with her background is incapable of conceiving any contact without some sexual context, she is not particularly oversexed, but has been forced to recognise that her sexuality is the only weapon she has, and the only thing that gets her noticed. Consequently she is a little starved. She knows nothing about sex, except the mass information girls tell each other. All through the novel the men make out that Curley’s wife is trouble. But yet there was never any proof that Curley’s wife has ever caused any of the trouble or conflicts. The only trouble she caused was when she died.

Minority Report: From Story to Screen Essay -- Movies Film Comparison

Minority Report: From Story to Screen Adaptations are never carbon copies. A prime example is Philip K. Dick’s short story and Steven Spielberg’s 2002 film, Minority Report. The structure of the storytelling is indeed different as well as other key elements. The narrative transforms its structure into a more episodic approach when brought to the screen. Words on paper take on a new identity when brought to life on a visual basis. Philip K. Dick’s Minority Report, written in 1956, was ahead of its time. The short story explores the consequences of technology and science and how the technology echoes the present state of society. Both the story and the film emphasize the same basic themes, however the actual plot is almost completely diverse. The film takes place around the year 2054. For five years (six in the film), the Pre-Crime Unit has successfully made murder a thing of the past. Their astounding technology is credited to three pre-cogs. These â€Å"idiot† pre-cogs identify killers before they commit their crimes, drastically cutting the crime rate by â€Å"ninety-nine and a decimal point eight percent† (in the film this rate was zero) (Dick 74). However, this infallible system runs amuck when Commander Anderton, played by Tom Cruise, is accused of a future murder. Anderton finds himself with only 24 hours (36 in the film) to discover who set him up and in the process, flee fr om the hands of the authority he once governed. If he fails, Anderton will fall victim to the perfect system he co-created. Both the story and the film are suspenseful and ask the question, â€Å"Is pre-crime justified?† The notion of innocent until proven guilty is virtually discarded. The accused murderers are based upon pure metaphysics... ...short story, it would be pretty dull. The timeliness of Minority Report is uncanny, given the current situation in politics. Philip K. Dick’s short story emerged in 1956. The script for the film, written by Jon Cohen and Scott Frank, was completed well in advance of the shock of the post-9/11 terror frenzy. Dick’s intuitions of pre-crime enforcement have been brought to the big screen at just the moment when his seemingly sixth-sense is starting to be seen in real life. Both the story and the film warn the future of society of the suffocating effects of an encroaching police state. Works Cited Dick, Philip K. Minority Report and Other Classic Stories. New York City: Citadel Press, 1987. 71-102. Minority Report. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Tom Cruise, Colin Farrell, Samantha Morton. DVD. Twentieth Century Fox and Dreamworks, 2002.

Business of Tourism

Globalization the process, accelerated by communication technologies, of turning the world into a single community & In particular, a single market. It has been described as ‘boundlessness'. Structural change a temperamental transformation tot some activity or institution which brings about a change in its essential quality. Or structure. It Is permanent, there Is no return to the prior level or state. Temporary change an alteration in a certain measure or condition In an activity of institution to which it is likely to return later.Causes for structural change globalization, competition, economic crisis, health crisis, social changes, customer preferences, war/ terrorism. Tourism market consists of all potential customers sharing a particular need/want, who might be willing/able to satisfy it by buying a tourism product. Sustainable development achieving growth In a manner that does not deplete the natural & built environment & preserves the culture of the local community.Sust ainable tourism all forms of tourism development, management & operations that malting the environmental, & concern Integrity & well being of natural, built ND cultural resources, Socio cultural a term used to Indicate impacts bringing about change to a social organization of a group of people as well as more fundamental reorganization of society organization. Sustainable transport doesn't harm the environment, or use resources that cannot be replaced_IEEE. Cleaner trucks/cars- alternative engines, alternative fuels (unleaded) non combustion systems.Reducing aircraft emissions-technology advances, regulations, air traffic management, dealing with noise-creating footprints e. G. Aircraft Boeing has a footprint of 14 SMS squared, airbus AAA noise footprint 1. Km squared. Travel ; tourism industry the aggregate of all businesses that directly provide goods and services to facilitate business, pleasure ; leisure activities away from home environment (smith 1988) Impacts of tourism = eff ects of tourism * Positive impacts = benefits of tourism * Negative impacts = costs of tourism * Impacts are often referred to as Sculptural Impacts, Environmental Impacts, Cocoon Impacts. Model a theoretical system of relationships, which tries to capture the essential elements In a real word situation. Modes are useful tools for general analysis, discussion and as an aid to understanding more complex systems. System an assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex or unitary whole. Descriptive models replicate selected features of a situation ; alma to show how It operates. Predictive models rearrange a descriptive model so that causes ; outcomes can be determined, predictive modes prescribe a pathway towards a certain outcome.Planning models allow for alternative course tot action to be evaluated. Key issues of models aim to simplify reality, select key issues to prevent ; explore, they deed to be applied, tested and reviewed regularly to maintain relevance. Poli cy – outlines a series tot desired outcomes and objectives (values) Planning – Examines alternative method of reaching those objectives Tourism Policy and Planning – For both the sort ; long term Is required to balance all stakeholders wants and needs Unplanned Tourism – Uncommon, unpopular, unwanted.Unhappy most community Has social/environmental/economic impacts Visitor Management – The strategies ; action programs used to control ; influence tourism supply and demands to achieved fines policy goals Planning ; operational techniques – site management ; people management Selective – Targeting visitors who are socially and economically more attractive to a destination or other destination Demarcating – Marketing designed to reduce or regulate the number of people visiting a location Objective – Specific, measurable results that an organization plans to achieve in a given period Strategies – the meaner of achieving objectives Tourism Involves: psychology, sociology, economics, anthropology, business administration, geography, ecology, law and education.Industry – Refers to a group tit similar economic output in terms of product Tourism Industry – Described in both terms of the production and consumption of goods and services Businesses in Tourism Industry Primary Trade – Transport, Hospitality, attractions, activities and retail Business indirectly involved – Petrol stations, bakeries, car dealer, banks, newsagents rent – Heavily involved but not included as part of the industry Tourism: The sum of government and private sector activities which shape ; serve the needs and manage the consequence of holiday and business travel the central activities so the overspent and private sector include promotion planning, providing services and preventing impacts Hospitality – Specifically refers to a focus on provision of accommodation and commercial catering se rvices Tourist – A person who travels from place to place for non work reasons. Promotion – Structure in the generating region: ticketing services, travel agents, tour operators.Need to influence potential tourists Transport – All meaner of traveling within the destination Infrastructure – Development that provides for tourism (ranging from large to small) Markets and destinations Markets are where the tourists are before they reach the destination * Market demand is affected by needs and wants * Markets need to be identified and defined * Information about the market needs to be gained Destination – the place that tourists visit and experience Key Characteristics of service – 1. Intangible (can't be sampled) 2. Inseparable (provider is part) 3. Variable (Individual experience) 4. Perishable (can't be warehoused) 6 Steps for Segmentation of Tourist Demand: 1. Identify 2. Profile 3. Rank 4. Select 5. Assign Priorities 6. Access Target Market Models can be: descriptive, predictive, prescriptive and planning

How Democratic is Britain? Essay

In this essay I will be looking at the democracy in Britain, but firstly I would like to be sure that it is clear what democracy means. Democracy is when there’s a system of government, whose representatives have been elected by the population. This means that the society is able to choose themselves, they have freedom of speech and views. The opposite of this is Dictatorship, this is when a ruler has total power over a country, a person who tells people what to do in an autocratic way or who determines behaviour in a particular area. Politics is concerned with power differences at every levelling society its about negotiation and decision making within individuals at a personal level, groups at a personal level and groups at a national level. This topic is a topic that many sociologist are interested in, they want to find out how democratic Britain is because everything sociologists study are linked to each other and this topic is linked to equality in society. Sociologist want to know if our society is as equal as it’s said to be, but we all know that in our society there isn’t total equality. One of the important principles of democracy is that we are able to participate in the political process in order to make our views known. We do this by voting, joining a political party and writing to the press or our M.P.’s. We have a Parliamentary democracy, this means that there’s a system where leaders are selected to represent the people through elections. These are the Members of Parliament (M.P.) who are elected. The British system has a number of fixed posts, these posts holders are the civil servants, the lords and the judges. These are the three main institutions of the state and the most powerful groups in society. The role of the state is to act as an umpire or referee rather than side with one party over another. The problem with this is that most of the people who work for the state are middle and upper class and all seem to share the same views about the way society should be run. This means that not all views are being represented their views are elitism. Due to this critics argue that Britain is not democratic because we have an unelected House of Lords and a Hereditary Monarchy. In this system there are three types of power and three types of authority that Max Weber drew out, Economic power, Physical power and Non-co-operative power, Traditional authority, Charismatic authority and Legal authority. Economic power is when money has lead someone to power, it can reach to the point were there’s exploitation. Physical power is taken over someone using physical force over someone more vulnerable to them. Non-co-operative power is when someone refuses to follow what the person in power order therefore the one who refuses will become empowered themselves. Traditional authority is when it is accepted because it’s always been done that certain way, it’s traditional within the culture. Charismatic authority is when a person has something special about them in their personality that the public is drawn to. Legal authority is accepted because it is the law, you can be sent to prison for disobeying the law. There are three factors about the state that seem to support Marx’s view, they are: 1. most Mp’s are white. 2. most of them are from the middle class and 3. most of them are men. Due to this many groups are no longer voting because they feel their views are not represented or they feel that there is racism, sexism and bias within the political system. The pluralists argue that the states approach is towards everyone in society. Including the different ethnic groups, all ages, all genders and all other groups that exist in society. Political power is spread a spread among these groups. Unlike the conflict who argue that the state’s approach is towards those who have had a privileged education and background. Thos who are in the senior possessions such as the judiciary. They believe that the policies benefit the bourgeoisie and ruling class. For this reason is why pressure groups have a very important role in maintaining democracy in Britain. Pluralists have a positive role of them. They help politicians keep in touch with the wishes of the public. They provide the government with the expert information. There are links between our voting behaviour and our social class, ethnicity, age and gender. People vote for the party that the best represents their views or interests, these views and interests are brought to us by the way we are socialised. We get these views and interests through the way we are socialised, we get influenced through our families, our peer groups and the media influence our political views and attitudes on politics. I feel that the media is the main influence in our political socialisation in the media because it influences our lives in everything. The media often use â€Å"Spin† and â€Å"Spin Doctors† they use these in campaigns to persuade us to vote a particular way. â€Å"Spin† and â€Å"Spin Doctors† are use to either catch out the opponent by using images or interviews were they look as if they were going against what they said they would do in their manifesto, for example printing a certain phrase they said out of context so they look bad. If they are unable to do this they might make up things up about them and use it to get the public to vote for them. These techniques are a type of propaganda because they want you to believe something that is not exactly true but as long as they look like the good ones it doesn’t matter. I have come to my conclusion of this essay, I believe that Britain is democratic because we get to vote in the Members of Parliament who are there to represent us. But there is a minority of people who have an incredible power within our government who make Britain and undemocratic country because it’s up to them to pass a law or any other decisions. This wouldn’t be a problem if they thought the way the nation do but their backgrounds have a great influences in the way they think and their thoughts are very different to ours. I don’t agree with the present parliamentary system because those who are involved in the system are elite, I think that if they wanted a true democratic Britain they would bring in a new system to vote in who we want to be at the top deciding what the right thing would be for our society, including the royal monarchy.

The impacts of the July 1st 2003 mass demonstration essays

The impacts of the July 1st 2003 mass demonstration essays The July 1st demonstration is a typical political movement in Hong Kong, it shows both impetus and long term impact toward Hong Kong. In this essay, there are will be an analysis on the impacts of July 1st demonstration towards political participation, institutions and political culture. First of all, July 1st demonstration had turn the Hong Kong citizens attitude from political apathy to more activism to demonstrate their opinion, undoubtedly, raise the political participation of Hong Kong people. On 1/72003, there were more than 500 thousand Hong Kong people participated in the march to express their discontent towards the government. It clearly shows that this political movement increases the Hong Kong citizens political empathy. Even the organizers and the SAR government did not expect such a huge number of people would join the demonstration. In this case, the poor performance of the government encourage HK citizens to do something in order to seek for a better administration so as to improve the situation of HK. The participants objective mainly on the opposite of legislation of Article 23. Besides, the demonstrator had different objectives: the SARS crisis, the financial crisis, Poor performance of the Chief Executive and the government officers. As Articl e 23 stimulated the anger and sentiments of the Hong Kong citizens towards the SAR government, its contribute to unify citizens to voice our their own opinion. After the out break of 1/7 demonstration, Mr. Tung and the government finally abolish the legislation of Article 23, which showed the power of the people towards political issues. Thus, the 1/7 demonstration acted as a watershed, Hong Kong citizens start to recognize their political influent; there was a significant increase in the degree of involvement of HK people in political affairs. The above analysis shows that, the political movement on July 1st not only provokes radical activism and...

How to Make Gelatin Plastic Tutorial

How to Make Gelatin Plastic Tutorial Colorful gelatin shapes can be used to make jewelry, mobiles, decorations, and more! This project is not too difficult and takes about 2-3 days to complete. What You Need 3 envelopes plain gelatin 9 tablespoons or 75 ml water3-5 drops food color Plastic lid with a  rimSaucepanPaper towelsCookie cuttersDrinking strawScissors How to Make Gelatin Plastic Mix the water and food coloring in the saucepan over low heat.Stir in the 3 envelopes of unflavored gelatin to dissolve. Cook and stir for 30 seconds or until thickened.Pour the mixture into the plastic lid with a rim, push the air bubbles out with a spoon or other utensil, and let the gelatin cool on the counter for 45 minutes.Remove the gelatin disk from the lid. It should be flexible and pliable.Use the cookie cutters to make interesting shapes. Leftover scraps also make interesting pieces! Scissors may be used to make spirals or other designs. Use a plastic drinking straw to make holes for hanging pieces.Shapes may be dried flat on a cookie sheet or cooling rack. Spirals may be hung by clothespins. Shapes with holes may be strung on ​a  string to dry. The gelatin will be hard like plastic in 2-3 days.Be creative! Have fun! Useful Tips Adult supervision is required!To prevent curling, take a plastic container, place a paper towel or cloth over the top, and place the shapes on the cloth.Cut the center out of a lid that fits the bucket, put another towel over the gelatin shapes, then press the lid tightly onto the container to hold everything firmly in place.Allow the shapes to dry completely before removing them.An embroidery hoop and two pieces of cloth or paper towel may also be used to keep pieces from curling while drying.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE IMPACT OF CONTROL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON Essay

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE IMPACT OF CONTROL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT BRITISH AIRWAYS - Essay Example The research study has focused on the sampling out of the employee groups and categorization of them into Best Performing, Average Performing and Low Performing. This has been done realizing the fact that the employee’s perception about the control management system itself may be strongly affected by the employees his or her own experience about the system and the outcomes of the system in the form of their job enrichment, promotions, responsibilities’ enrichment or any other job enhancement. It is also important here to analyze whether the employees themselves have realized that which control management system or controlling strategy from an HR perspective really matters for them and if they seem it to be the part of the contributing factors that have led them in realizing to their strong performance capabilities. All these points are also important to analyze as which performance group has what direction of thinking. It may be possible that there is no clear trend or demarcation of thoughts among the sample groups. This study involves a survey questionnaire where the employees were asked to answer a few questions. Employees were categorized into three basic groups - â€Å"Best Performing†, â€Å"Average Performing† and â€Å"Low Performing† employees, considering the fact that there is an influence, whether clear or blurred, between the performances of the employee himself/herself and the perception about the system in which he/she has made up to the mark where he/she stands currently. The responses were taken as SD = Strongly Disagree, D = Disagree, N = Neither agree nor disagree, A = Agree and SA = Strongly Agree. Although the perceptions and the responses do not clearly demarcate any trend or conclusion, however, statistics covered in earlier chapters may support in the analysis of any particular aspect of the research. (1) Control management is a desired component within the organization by the majority of participants

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) - Research Paper Example   To survive in this competitive world; universalization of education or at least elementary education is very important. Keeping this fact in mind most countries regard the Right to Education as a Fundamental Right. A laptop teaches beyond instructions. It will deliver a whole new world to these children. They would actively engage in learning through doing, sharing knowledge, and this will bring out the best practices in them. A point worth noticing is that if each child gets an access to the computer or a laptop, phenomenal amount of potential can be trapped which may solve a number of problems without much efforts. According to laptop.org In 2002 MIT professor, Nicholas Negroponte experienced first hand how connected laptops transformed the lives of children and their families in a remote Cambodian village. The laptop also called the XO laptop is a small and compact machine serving a huge cause. Size of a textbook, this machine is designed with a unique screen that can withstan d hot and humid conditions. It is easily readable under direct sunlight. It is a boon for children studying outdoors. It has an inbuilt wireless and also provides local language support. The XO laptop has been supplied to a number of countries like Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Australia, Cambodia, Mongolia, Rwanda etc. Almost all schools, where XO laptop is supplied have reported an increase in the attendance as the children engage in exploring their own potential to emerge with an incredible power to transform the world.

World cup history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World cup history - Essay Example I. The world cup is organized every four years and countries context to host the world cup with the 2014 world cup being held in Brazil, the 2018 world cup will be hosted by Russia while the 2022 world cup is to be hosted by Qatar. The world cup presents a global stage for countries to present their best footballers in the most competitive tournament in soccer globally leading to the generation of the best football icons. III. I have researched, did document analysis and made enquiries and from stakeholders in the course of the preparation of this speech increasing the accuracy and credibility of the information therein. IV. The ideas presented include the reason for the start of the world cup, the top scorers, the winners, and the procedure for the selection of the participating teams and number in the world cup in different continents. There was a need for an international football event owing to restrictions by Olympics on professional athletes that led to the first world cup hosted by Uruguay in July 18, 1930 (Lisi, 2). The restrictions limited the ability of professional athletes to make an impact in the Olympics and lead to the development of the best footballers leading to the need for the creation of a tournament that will translate to global cohesion, develop teams, and lead to augmented football professionalism. In 1934 and 1938, the world cup was staged in Italy and France respectively but due to the word war, it was next held in 1950 and every four years thereafter to the current world cup in Brazil (FIFA, 2014). There have been 20 world cup editions and the most successful country in the world cup is Brazil with five world cup trophies. The other world cup winners are Italy with four titles, three titles for Germany, Argentina and Uruguay have to titles, and one title for France, England and 2010 winners Spain making 8 different winners of the world cup. The world cup has had different world cup scorers but it is the

Geography And History In Primary School

Geography And History In Primary School This essay will show an understanding of the subjects geography and history and the links between them. It will then look at the implications of these links for both the teacher and school curriculum. My own examples from school and others experiences will be used throughout the essay to highlight the links and implications discussed. Turner-Bisset (2005) explains that history is a reconstruction of the past using evidence. She argues that evidence enables individuals to prove things, but if there is no evidence then individuals can hypothesise and use others understanding to form interpretations. Fines and Nichol (1997) define history as a process and teachers need to create activities whereby children can act as historians exploring both primary and secondary sources. Like with all National Curriculum (1999) subjects, history in key stages one and two is broken down into knowledge, skills and understanding. The Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) (1999) highlight that history is an important subject because it allows children to consider how the past affects the present world in which they live. Moreover, it enables children to look at how societies in the past were organised and what they were like. They argue through studying the past children begin to develop an awareness of chronology, diversity a nd how their actions can potentially affect others. When considering the subject of geography Scoffham (2004) highlights that geography involves making sense of the world, looking at how it is inter-related and the ways in which it may change. The DfEE (1999) in the Importance of Geography statement confirm that geography allows children to come across new cultures and places whilst developing problem-solving and investigative skills which will equip them for everyday life. Moreover, Scoffham (2004) points out that geography is a subject which promotes a sense of curiosity, but encourages children to develop a sense of responsibility about the world. The National Curriculum (1999) emphasises that in geography children should be taught to use geographical skills when developing their knowledge and understanding. Within the National Curriculum (1999) it is expected that children at key stages one and two acquire knowledge and understanding into places, patterns and processes, environment change and sustainable development. This is furth er emphasised by Catling and Willy (2009) who argues geography is a living and topical discipline (p.15) with a focus on both people and places. Martin (2002a) argues that despite geography and history being two distinct subjects in the National Curriculum (1999), it is useful to look at the subject statements in the National Curriculum (1999) because there are clear links between the two subjects. One such link she highlights is that history involves children finding evidence and drawing conclusions and similarly geography involves answering questions whilst looking at things from different viewpoints. Moreover, Knight (1993) argues that although geography and history can be viewed separately, they also share common ground because they are both human subjects and share many ways of working (p.102). Hoodless et al (2008) argue that children learn holistically and so cross-curricular learning has a positive impact on childrens learning. Similarly Hayes (2010) argues that cross-curricular teaching can improve childrens learning, however children need to be made aware of the links that exist between subjects. Kerry (2011) argues that cross-curricular teaching is important to provide children with the skills for living in a rapidly changing world. The idea of cross-curricular teaching and learning has been evident in recent reviews. Alexander (2009) in the Cambridge Primary Review suggests that a curriculum based upon eight domains of knowledge, skill and enquiry is advantageous. It is interesting to see that geography and history are grouped together as the Place and Time (p.272) domain. Martin (2002a) emphasises the connections between geography and history and confirms there are links between both subjects in terms of skills, knowledge and understanding, key concepts and values and attitudes which will now be explored further. During school experience I was able to explore the links between history and geography knowledge and understanding. In key stage two we looked at ancient Greece which is an expectation of the history National Curriculum (1999) which states children should undertake a European history study. Initially we looked at the geography of Greece which links to the knowledge and understanding of places 3.a/b/c in the geography National Curriculum (1999). We looked at photographs and maps of the islands, hilly terrain and coastal regions and used this geographical understanding to explain how these geographical features enabled city states to develop. It was vital that we looked at ancient Greece from a geographical perspective because this supported th e childrens historical understanding of the city states in ancient Greece. This is supported by Davies and Redmond (1998) who argue that history permeates other subjects and so it cannot be taught exclusively to children if they are to develop a full understanding of history. Catling (2006) argues that the connections between geography and history are deep and local area studies involve children developing a sense of place within the community whilst considering how the past has had an impact on what the area is like today. Moreover, she explains that when teachers plan local locality studies they should ensure there are elements of both subjects because geography incorporates a historical dimension and there is a geographical element of an areas past (p.14). Martin (2002a) points out that geography and history share similar skills and the skill of enquiry is relevant in both subjects. This is evident in the National Curriculum (1999) whereby both subjects have a section on enquiry; geographical enquiry 1.a/b/c/d/e and historical enquiry 4.a/b whereby children are required to ask and answer questions, use sources and make interpretations. As part of the humanities course I undertook a locality study of the local area and this incorporated the geographical and historical skill of enquiry. When planning the enquiry project I used enquiry questions, some focussing on the geographical aspect such as what is this place like today? but also historical questions including what was this place like inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦?. I carried out fieldwork which focussed on the present and used a range of sources such as directories to find out what it was like in the past. Similarly, Blyth and Krause (1999) suggest teachers can plan a range of enquiry questions which can be used in cross-curricular geography and history local locality studies. These questions incorporate a geography and history element because they focus on both the then and now. Moreover, Catling (2006) suggests that a local locality study not only links the geographical and historical skills of enquiry but enables links to be drawn between the values and attitudes of the subjects. Catling (2006) explains that a local locality study can enable children to develop the capacity to make informed judgements and the desire to contribute to a just society (p.14). The idea of attitudes and values is also considered by the DfEE (1999) who argue that history can promote education for sustainable development. They argue through studying history children develop an awareness of how past actions and events have affected society today and this links to a childs geographical awareness of sustainable development, because children need to develop values and attitudes to ensure the world is sustainable for future generations. Cooper (2000) points out that history can be integrated with the teaching of geography through carrying out map work which develops both historical understanding and map work skills. Similarly, Boulton (1991) argues that the past can be recreated through the use of maps and children should have the opportunity to explore old maps when learning about places. It is a National Curriculum (1999) expectation for geography that when developing geographical skills, children should have the opportunity to use maps and globes (geographical enquiry and skills 2.c). From my experience of undertaking the enquiry project I was able to look at maps of the area from a given time period and using map skills I was able to identify key features of the time and contrast this with present day maps to identify changes. Turner-Bisset (2005) supports this arguing that comparing a past map with a present day map allows children to examine change and continuity. Moreover, Turner-Bisset (2005) highlights that maps provide a wealth of opportunities for discovering things from the past. One such example she suggests is looking at the areas in which the Anglo-Saxons settled by examining place names on maps and recognising their Anglo-Saxon roots. Knight (1993) and Martin (2002a) argue that when integrating geography and history, there are links between the concepts of the subjects including change and continuity, similarity and difference and cause and effect. The concept of similarity and difference is further emphasised by Scoffham (2004). He points out that when working on local area study there should be opportunities for children to compare the locality with the past. He argues this enables children to develop an understanding of the ways in which it is similar and different and to offer reasons for changes. Apart from the concept of similarity and change being evident in a local area study, Martin (2002a) argues the concept of similarity and difference is further evident in both geography and history. She explains this concept is apparent in geography when comparing two localities (knowledge and understanding of places 2.f) and also in history when comparing historical periods, events and people (knowledge and understan ding of events, people and changes in the past 2.d). A further concept which Martin (2002a) highlights can be found in both subjects is the concept of hierarchy. I have seen teachers addressing the concept of hierarchy through looking at society during the Tudor period. However, Martin (2002a) points out that the concept of hierarchy is also applicable in geography when looking at places and their relationships with one another. Although there are opportunities for geography and history to be integrated there are implications that I must be aware of. Kerry (2011) argues that for cross-curricular work to be successful there needs to be meaningful links between the subjects in order to make the learning relevant for the children. Therefore, he argues that within a lesson there needs to be learning objectives which link to both subjects and opportunities for children to develop transferable skills. Hayes (2010) explains that this ensures that the links between the subjects are not superficial and are considered and planned to enhance learning in both subjects. On school experience when looking at Indian village within geography the teacher thought it would be worthwhile to look at the Indus Valley within history. This was a meaningful link because the children were made aware of the historical context of the country. Knight (2003) argues that integrating subjects can be demanding and teachers need to be secure in their own subject knowledge to be able to do this successfully, however he points out that humanities is an area teachers have less confidence in teaching. Similarly, Cooper (2000) argues that there needs to be opportunities within school for teachers to share their subject expertise with other teachers. However, from my experience no staff meetings have been allocated to either geography and history and when staff meetings focussed on curriculum areas, it was always English and mathematics which took priority. Moreover, Kinght (2003) highlights that a further problem when integrating subjects is there are not always resources available to support the learning, he argues this is the case when finding resources to support local area studies. The lack of resources available is further emphasised by Blyth and Krause (1995) who argue that because local areas are unique, schools have to creat e their own resources for local area studies. They argue this puts great pressure onto teachers, however they do acknowledge that once these resources has been created they can be shared in school. The implications of linking geography and history extend to the school curriculum. Turner-Bisset (2000) argues integration of subjects can be beneficial for schools when trying to deliver the overloaded National Curriculum (1999) and she argues this can be achieved through recognising connections between subjects and drawing upon these links in teaching. On my first school experience the subjects were not taught in a cross-curricular way and each subject had an allocated time slot. Despite efforts to address all subjects, some foundation subjects were not taught due to lack of time. In contrast, my final school placement adopted a cross-curricular approach which meant humanities was covered on a weekly basis ensuring continuity in the childrens learning whilst allowing the children to view the geography and history in a relevant way. Knight (1993) states that Successful integration is a whole-school, not a one-teacher, affair (p.106) whereby there should be organisation and cohesion within the humanities curriculum. OHara and OHara (2005) argue this can be achieved through effective planning which involves a whole school approach to looking at curriculum content that needs to be covered. They highlight that when long term planning is undertaken, usually by the subject co-ordinator, cross-curricular links should be considered and planned for and there needs to be explicit reference to these links in the long term plans. Halocha (1998) argues that geography and history co-ordinators should take an active role exploring how their subject can be integrated with other subjects. He argues this then needs to be made available in long term plans which not only detail cross-curricular links but also the progression in terms of childrens learning. Halocha (1998) argues that it is the responsibility of the geography/history co-ordinator to explore how their subject can be integrated with other subjects and include this in long term plans. From my experience, the use of long term plans ensure there is continuity between key stages whereby all teachers in the school know what they are expected to cover in their subsequent short term plans Furthermore, Scoffham (2004) argues that long term planning is important and other subjects including history, whilst ensuring a balanced curriculum is delivered. because it allows teachers to recognise the links between geography and history in terms of the QCA schemes of work. He argues that careful consideration needs to be given to the specific units which could enhance learning in both geography and history. However, from my experience these links cannot be identified spontaneously, they need careful planning in order for the integration of subjects to work well. This worked well in school when a whole school curriculum map

Obesity and Diabetes in Young Children Essay -- Obesity and Diabetes

Obesity is medical condition where excess body fat accumulates to an extent that it becomes harmful to the body. Medical practitioners consider obesity a chronic and life-long disease like diabetes and high blood pressure. The disease has long-term effects for health. In fact, it is the second leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States of America. Obesity affects both adults and children but it is more chronic to young children. This paper will look at the analysis of diabetes in young children, obesity, health education strategies and communication strategies used in nursing care and control of diabetes (Benjamin, 2011, 108). Summary of the article Obesity in children has become a serious health issue, in the United States of America. The disease causes problems that persist, as children grow older and has the capability of affecting the quality and length of their lives as adults. Younger children are now at high risk of becoming obese. As early childhood obesity prevention policies article states, ten percent of infants and toddlers have an excess weight. More than twenty percent of children between the ages of two and five years old have excess weight and suffer from obesity. This is an alarming rate of child obesity rates, in the United States of America. Several environmental factors can influence the risk of a child, for obesity. Therefore, assessing obesity trends and instituting preventive measure could help in minimizing the susceptibility of children becoming obese. Multiple groups of people and other stakeholders can help, in ensuring that children grow healthy without the risk of obesity. The article addresses the importance of early assessment of the risk of obesity and creating healthier behaviors ... ...he age of five years are at risk of getting obesity. This rate has become alarming in the United States of America, as discussed in the paper. Medical practitioners consider obesity a chronic and life-long disease like diabetes and high blood pressure. The disease has long-term effects for health that affect the lives of individuals, in adulthood. Obesity calls for close observation of healthy eating habits and exercise. Cognitive theory and psychosocial theory discuss issues that are common, at infancy and childhood. As discussed above, these issues could help lead to obesity, in young children between birth and age five. Appropriate health educational strategies and communication strategies help to reduce the susceptibility of children getting obesity. Therefore, adults must help children avoid obesity by teaching them the benefit of healthy eating and exercise.

Comparing Physiology Worksheet Essay

In this assignment you describe and compare the circulatory, skeletal, and respiratory systems of sharks, iguanas, eagles, and humans. Answer each of the following questions in 25 to 50 words. Circulatory System Shark How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? Iguana How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? Eagle How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? Human How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s  circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? What is similar in all of these circulatory systems? What is different in all of these circulatory systems? Respiratory System Shark How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? Iguana How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? Eagle How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? Human How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? What is similar in all of these respiratory systems? What is different in all of these respiratory systems? Skeletal System Shark How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? Iguana How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? Eagle How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? Human How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? What is similar in all of these skeletal systems? What is different in all of these skeletal systems?

Meat Industry Essay

People all over the world eat meat for its nutritional value and taste. The United States Department of Agriculture reports that in the year 2011 people in the U.S consumed 25.6 billion pounds of beef. Most of this meat was produced in America. A Holistic approach to food production is important in order to improve the quality of beef. What we feed our cattle, the housing conditions and the slaughter procedure directly impacts our food. What the farmers feed cattle directly affects the quality of beef for the consumer. The cow has many more benefits from eating grass than being fed corn. It is a lot healthier for cows to consume grass because that is what their stomachs are made for. The stomachs have three sections that are made specifically for digesting grass (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Today, most cows are put on a diet that is based on corn. The cows used to be fed grass and roam free but since than there have been changes. The idea about feeding cattle grain began during World War II. It all started when farmers were producing more grain than the American population could handle, so the rest of it was fed to cows. It was discovered that feeding a cow different types of grains fattened them up a lot faster than when cows were consuming grass. With a grass fed diet, it takes cows about five years to reach 1,200 pounds. However, with the grain-based diet it takes a cow about 390 days to get to a reachable weight for slaughter (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Also, the producer benefits more from feeding his cows corn because it is cheaper than grass. Therefore, a diet based on corn is more cost effective but the quality of meat has less nutritional value (Why Grass Fed- Health Benefits of Grass Fed Beef). The consumer benefits more from meat that comes from cows that consume grass rather than in-taking different types of grains. The cow is a lot healthier and happier when it is eating grass, which results in higher quality meat. Since cows’ stomachs are meant to break down grass, a corn based diet causes changes in the digestion of a cow leading to serious health problems, such as diarrhea, ulcers, and a weakened immune system. As a result of these issues, the cows are given antibiotics to help prevent this from occurring, which makes the meat unhealthier (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Another huge topic of concern is the disregard of animal welfare. These animals aren’t being cared for and they are treated as units of production (Learn About The Issues). In order to fatten up cows in time for slaughter, many farmers put them in feedlots. The conditions these cows go through are unbearable. As many cows as possible are crammed into each pen. The result of this is massive amounts of waste covering the animals living space (The Issues Animal Welfare). This causes the air to be unhealthy and creates many gases and diseases that aren’t wanted. During the whole time the cows are in the feedlot they are breathing in methane gas. Large amounts of methane are bad for animals because it takes away oxygen from the air, which can affect the central nervous system (2- Health Effects of Methane). The alternative is a more holistic way, which allows the cattle to roam around freely on huge pastures until they get fat enough to get slaughtered. In the United States, animal welfare is being ignored, because cows are being treated in a cruel and unhealthy way. When they are living in the feedlots, they are covered with manure and aren’t being cared for. As soon as cows are fat enough to get slaughtered, they are sent to the closest slaughterhouse. On their journey they are faced with heartbreaking situations. They are often transported from 1,200 to 1,500 miles away in scorching hot weather or freezing temperatures. Dr. Lester Friedlander, a former U.S. Department of Agriculture veterinarian inspector said, â€Å"They are crammed onto trucks and go without food or water for days†. When it is cold, they are in the back of a trailer with nothing covering them. As the driver drives sixty miles per hour, cows are being exposed to a variety of extreme weather. Many cows collapse in hot weather. While they are traveling they urinate. After sometime it begins to freeze while their hooves are standing in it. Also, the fur of the cows â€Å"†¦ freezes to the sides of the trucks until workers pry them off with crowbars†(Cow Transport and Slaughter). When the cows get to the slaughterhouse, they are often in bad conditions. Most of them are sick and cannot walk because they are too weak. In order to move weak and injured cows they are dragged along with a bulldozer by a chain around their neck or leg. Even though they are in bad shape, cows are still being used for their meat because it means more money in the producer’s pocket. If some of the cows are able to walk, they are still abused. Workers beat them with a metal rod in order to move them faster (The Humane Society of the United States). Also, before they are killed the cows are lined up to wait for their turn to be stunned so that they will pass out before they get slaughtered. Sometimes the stunning procedure does not work. Ramon Moreno, a slaughterhouse worker has stated that he often has to cut the legs off of cows that are completely conscious. â€Å"They blink. They make noises,† he says. â€Å"The head moves, the eyes are wide and looking around. †¦ They die piece by piece.† If workers try to report that the cows are still alive they risk loosing their jobs (Cow Transport and Slaughter). After cows reach a certain weight they are ready to be slaughtered for meat consumption. The process of turning cows into packed meat can cause the meat to be infected. Before they are slaughtered, cows are cleaned. However, in some cases not well enough. The waste of the cow can get into the processed meat that is being cut by the workers. This can contaminate the meat with E-coli, which is a type of bacteria that can lead to death. â€Å"According to Centers for Disease Control estimates, up to 20,400 cases of E. coli infection and 500 deaths from E-coli disease occur annually in the United St ates† (Escherichia Coli 0157:H7). Another disease that is created in these fast paced industries is mad cow disease. (the issues-slaughterhouses and processing). Mad cow disease affects the cow’s nervous system and it causes the cow to act confused and loose control of the ability to walk (What is Mad Cow Disease). When people eat infected beef they may contract a human version of mad cow disease. It affects the nervous system causing depression and loss of coordination. As it becomes more severe, it causes dementia (The Basics of Mad Cow Disease). With our modern day technology, slaughterhouses are able to kill thousands and thousands of cow’s every day. There are many solutions that can change the food industry to produce their meat in a more animal friendly way. To help cut back more meat being produced in factories, consumers can support local farms by eating food that is grown locally. Holistic farming care for their animals and focus on getting delicious, healthy meat than just producing more and more for profit. The food quality of holistic farmed meat is a lot better because the cows are raised and treated well as opposed to when the animals are abused their whole life. If we really want a change, it is up to Americans to demand that. Currently, laws support the industrial farming methods and lack the attempt of helping small farms grow. An example is that American tax money goes to support research and the operating cost of large food producing companies (Learn About the Issues). In order for there to be a change, citizens need to become aware of the process. Change will happen by the consumer supporting politicians who are looking to change the food industry. Consequently, producers would need to be more focused on the care of the animals than earning as much money as possible. What American farmers feed their cattle, where they raise them and how they get slaughtered directly impacts the quality of our food. It is important for consumers to be aware of the United States food industry because there is so much more behind the food brought to you in the supermarket. If the consumer buys meat that is produced holistically, and legislation puts focus on the care of animals, the food industry will be forced to improve their methods.